Topographical classification cavities decay and cavities shutter

Map document:

I. Introduction
II. Nomenclature
1. Nomenclature cavities
2. Nomenclature walls
1. Definition of the axis of the tooth
3. Classification of edges
4. Nomenclature angles

III. Classification cavities of caries
1. Classification BLACK (1907)
1. Class I
2. Class II
3. Class III
4. Class IV
5. Class V

IV. Classification cavities shutter
1. Classification Johnson
1. Single cavity
2. Compound cavity
2. Classification of Jean-Claude HESS
1. Class A
2. Class B
3. Class C
4. D
5. Class E
6. Class F
V. Conclusion
VI. Bibliography

I Introduction

The study of different parts of the cavities and the classification of these cavities requires a precise nomenclature it is essential to know.
According to the dictionary "Larousse", the term nomenclature denotes the set of technical terms in a discipline standings.
• Tooth decay is the defect that causes, is mainly on the crown,
Nomenclature and classification were established by different authors to describe the identification and understanding of different parts of the tooth decay and cavities filling cavities.

Nomenclature II

II.A. Nomenclature cavities

Called "simple cavity" cavities that affects only one side of the tooth, called "cavity complex or compound" a cavity for two or more sides of the tooth.
• A cavity is designated by the name of the relevant face or faces
By equating the cavities of a cube in the case of a molar or premolar.
We speak of cavity:
a: occlusal
b: mesial
c: distal
d: vestibular
e: lingual


II.B. Nomenclature walls


The words used to name the faces of the teeth are also used to designate the cavity walls (the walls of the cavity are called faces that are both near and parallel).
• Definition of the axis of the tooth


This is an imaginary line that enters the longitudinal center of the ring and drops vertically at this level.
• If this is the incisor or canine, the axis coincides with the extended pulp (root canal).

Figure 3-1: Classification of walls: single cavity

In a single cavity situated on a labial surface of the tooth, will have a substantially parallel to said face and to the axis of the tooth, will be spoken of "axial wall"

Figure 3-2: Axial wall

• In the case of a proximal cavity, there will be four walls

 Figure 3-3: proximal cavity

• In the case of a cervical cavity, there will be five walls:
a: Occlusal
b: Distal
c: mesial
d: wall gingival or cervical
e: axial wall parallel to the axis of the tooth

• In the presence of two cavities, the name of the walls is followed by the name of the cavity
Example: You speak of vestibular walls of the cavity proximal distal.

Figure 3-4: Cavity composed occlusal cavity proximal

Note! Sub-pulpal wall When removing the pulp, the pulpal wall disappears, the new are perhaps floored pulp is called "sub-pulpal wall". • If the cavity developed on a vertical faces, the walls axial is called "wall of the pulp chamber."

II.C. Classification of edges

Any cavity is delimited by the edges of enamel, the edge of the cavity is defined as the line connecting the walls of the cavity to the surfaces of the tooth or between two walls it
• These edges are called bounding walls, it has an edge:
a: Vestibular
b: Lingual
c: Cervical
d: mesial
e: Distal

II.D. Nomenclature angles

• 2 walls meet at an angle Diede, this angle is called the 2 walls that have given birth.
• three walls which meet at an angle Triede
Example: vestibulo-cervico-angle axial

The external angle (= cavo-surface) is the angle formed by the outer surface of the tooth with the walls of the cavity at a given point.

III. Classification cavities of caries

• Classification BLACK (1907)

This classification is the seat of caries cavities, cavities cavities cavities as a result of natural progression of the carious lesion
These cavities have been classified into five classes according BLACK seat of caries.

III.Aa Class I BLACK

It includes all the cavities of caries sitting at anatomical depressions of all teeth
• The occlusal grooves molars and premolars
• The vestibular dimples lower molars
• The upper molars palatal dimples

Figure 3-5: Molars and premolars

• The cingulum of anterior teeth

Figure 3-6: Cingulum anterior teeth

III.Ab Class II BLACK

It concerns caries cavities located on the proximal surfaces of molars and premolars.

Figure 3-7: Face of a premolar proximal

III.Ac Class III BLACK

Were caries cavities located on the proximal surfaces of incisors and canines without destruction reached the corner incisor.


Figure 3-8: Face proximal incisor

III.Ad Class IV black

Were caries cavities located on the proximal surfaces of incisors and canines with destruction reached the corner incisor.


Figure 3-9: Face of a maxillary vestibular

III.Ae Class V BLACK

It concerns the cavities of caries at the gingival third (= neck) of all teeth as vestibular side of lingual side.


Figure 3-10: Face of a maxillary vestibular

IV Classification cavities shutter

IV.A. Classification Johnson

The simplest classification filling cavities, he unscrewed the cavities in two types:

Single cavity IV.Aa

Interested cavity one side of the tooth.

Cavity composed IV.Ab


Interested cavity 2 or more surfaces of the tooth.

IV.B. Classification of Jean-Claude HESS

It is important not to confuse cavity decay (pathological lesion that is observed and that locates) and cavity filling (preparation that is created), it is the transformation of the previous thinking.

• To avoid confusion between decay and restoration, Jean-Claude HESS proposed a classification in complementary to black.
Hess called these cavities by subdividing the classification of black depending on the importance of each cavity and the extent of carious destruction.
It includes six classes as many classes as faces, each class characterized by a Shift from "A" to "F".

IV.Ba Class A


Restoration interested one side of the crown

IV.Bb Class B


Restoration of interest 2 sides
Example: proximo-occlusal


IV.Bc Class C


Restoration of interest 3 faces

IV.Bd Class D


Restoration interested 4 sides

IV.Be Class E


Interest 5 faces (leading to a crown coating)

IV.Bf Class F


For the restoration of interest 6 faces, if the crown completely disappeared, there remains only the root (tooth tenon)
The union of the Roman numeral classification of Black and uppercase Jean-Claude Hess clarifies, there will be as follows:
• Class IA, Class IIA, Class IB ...
Greek letters are used to specify the walls
: Α: occlusal
: Β: Vestibular
: Γ: lingual
: Δ: Distal
: Ε: mesial

Example

Cavities
• Class IAα: single cavity
• Class II.A.δ: single cavity proximodistal


Caries
Black Class Preparation and Restoration Class Hess
Simple class I
o Furrows
o Dimples cavity
o Occlusal
o Vestibular
o A Lingual
Cavity composed
o Union between cavity and fissure cavity pit
o occlusal caries weakening too another wall to be treated as a cavity composed B
Cavities
o occlusal buccal
o occlusal-lingual
o occlusal-proximal
Class II Single cavity without proximal adjacent tooth A
Compound cavity cavity cavity bifaces proximo-occlusal B
Cavity trifaces mesio-occlusal cavity distal C
Recovery complex cavity of the crown, 4/5 and complete D, E
Class III Single cavity without proximal adjacent tooth A
Composed cavity cavity bifaces
Buccal cavity opening proximo-vestibular B
Cavity bifaces
Opening
proximo-lingual lingual cavity
Complex cavity Crown and ¾ full
Taking tooth D, E, F
Class IV consists Cavity Cavity Cavity bifaces angle B
Complex cavity Crown and ¾ full
Tooth pin D, E, F
Class V cavity simple cavity composed of: cervical cavity A, B, C

V Conclusion


Classifications described allow to remove all confusion in the mind of the practitioner same classification and restoration curries facilitate language of different clinicion.

VI Bibliography


Operative Dentistry: Tomme 2, conservative dentistry
Teaching of dentistry concervatrice: Jean-Claude HESS, Tomme 6 and 7 tomme